Ming Dynasty: Teaching The Prince Dragon-Slaying Skills At The Beginning

Chapter 658: Different Party Groups And Classification Standards In Different Periods [Please Subscr

"Triggering another hidden danger of national subjugation?!!"

"Party fighting?!"

"Party strife led to the collapse of the Ming Dynasty?!"

The princes Zhu Biao, Zhu Di, Zhu Fan, Zhu Di and other princes who were arguing and rebutting each other just now couldn't help but murmur repeatedly when they heard what Yan Changqing said.

And Zhu Yuanzhang, who was sitting at the back, even thought of the Huaixi Xungui Group and the Jiangsu and Zhejiang Wenchen Group in the court after hearing Yan Changqing's words "party struggle"

Yan Changqing, who was on the podium, wrote the big words "North-South Ranking System" and "Party Struggle" on the blackboard behind him, then turned his head and looked at Prince Zhu Biao, Zhu Di, Zhu Fan, Zhu Di and other princes and said. :

"That's right, it's a party struggle!!!"

"The party is a ally, and fighting is attacking, excluding, and suppressing!!!"

"Party struggle, to put it bluntly, is actually two groups or multiple groups of people with the same views, political, economic and other interests joining together!!!"

“Then in order to safeguard and strive for more personal political, economic and other interests belonging to oneself [or to safeguard and strive for more common political, economic and other interests belonging to one’s own group].

"Thereby attacking, ostracizing and suppressing other dissident people or groups who have different views, political, economic and other interests from our own!!!"

Having said this, Yan Changqing paused and then gave an example:

"Comparatively speaking, the more famous example of party struggle is the dispute between Qi and Huan during the Eastern Han Dynasty!!!"

"The so-called Qi-eunuch dispute, as the name suggests, is the struggle for power and power between relatives and eunuchs."

"Due to the regulations of the Han Dynasty, in order to prevent the power from falling to others, and to prevent the clan from interfering in politics, "since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the basic system of living with relatives of the great Sima Qu has been formed."

"In the Eastern Han Dynasty, because of the precedent of Wang Mang usurping the throne, in order to weaken the power in the hands of the prime minister and the three princes, Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty decided to support the eunuchs and check and balance the three princes.

"Although this method achieved certain results in the first three generations of the Eastern Han Dynasty, since then, the relatives and eunuchs who held official positions in the inner dynasty no longer have the checks and balances of the three princes."

"Coupled with the fact that Grand Sima's relatives are basically on the same side, the two sides have formed two natural factions competing for power."

"After the death of Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty, Emperor He of the Han Dynasty came to the throne at a young age, and the power in the court fell into the hands of his relative Dou.

"When the relatives gained power, they squeezed the eunuchs. If the emperor wanted to take power, he had to rely on the eunuchs to help suppress the relatives, so there was an endless series of disputes between the relatives and the eunuchs."

"So we can see that in the history of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was political chaos in which eunuchs had exclusive power for a while, and then relatives interfered in politics."

"This cycle continued until later, during the Shichangshi Rebellion, the eunuchs and their relatives, General He Jin, fought to the death. Dong Zhuo took the opportunity to enter the capital and take power. Finally, the Eastern Han Dynasty finally ushered in the end."

"In addition to the mutual struggles between relatives and eunuchs in the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were also party struggles between aristocratic families and eunuchs, which is known in history as the disaster of party imprisonment!!!"

"As for the cause, it is still the involvement of foreign relatives in politics."

“Emperors Huan and Ling used the eunuch group to weaken the power of their relatives, while their relatives enlisted the bureaucracy group headed by aristocratic families to compete with the eunuch group.

"The two sides fought fiercely, causing chaos in the world, and finally ended with Yuan Shao, the Young Emperor of the Han Dynasty, leading his troops into the palace to massacre the eunuch group."

“The consequence of the long-term partisanship between relatives, eunuchs, and the bureaucracy of aristocratic families was that at the end of the Han Dynasty, the common people were in dire straits, and the common people rebelled and revolted in the Yellow Turbans. Heroes rose up all over the world, and the feudal lords separated themselves from each other. The Han court essentially lost its effective control over the local area. "

"In the end, Cao Wei replaced Han Dynasty, and the Han Dynasty perished."

"It can be said that the disputes between relatives, eunuchs, and bureaucratic groups of aristocratic families that lasted for more than a hundred years were one of the important reasons that led to the collapse of the Eastern Han Dynasty!!!"

"The party struggle during the Eastern Han Dynasty was essentially a struggle between relatives, eunuchs, and bureaucratic groups from aristocratic families to compete for ruling power and interests."

After saying that, Yan Changqing wrote on the blackboard behind him under the word "party struggle" the two emperors Huan and Ling of the Eastern Han Dynasty plus the eunuch group VS the foreign relatives and the scholar-bureaucrat group.

Then Yan Changqing turned his head again, looking at the princes Zhu Biao, Zhu Di, Zhu Fan, Zhu Di and other princes who looked thoughtful, and then said:

"Also similar to it, there is the 'Niu-Li party struggle' in the middle and late Tang Dynasty!!!"

"Among them, the Niu Party, led by Niu Sengru, Li Zongmin and others, believed that opening up colleges and universities to obtain scholars was the foundation of the Tang Dynasty."

"The Li Party, led by Li Deyu, Zheng Qin and others, believed that the sons of public ministers should be 'emphasized' and 'dismissed from the imperial examinations'·々.

"From the initial debate to the subsequent relegation, the two sides were tit-for-tat, mutually exclusive and suppressed, so that in the end many talented people were trapped in it and became victims of party strife."

"And this 'Niu-Li Party Struggle' began during the reign of Emperor Xianzong of the Tang Dynasty and ended during the period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, lasting nearly forty years."

"Among them, the power of the eunuch group has been demonstrated from time to time, and even influenced the trend of party struggle."

"Although the final 'Niu-Li party struggle' ended with the Niu Party lingering on and the Li Party leaving the central government, there was no real winner.'

"This 'Niu-Li Party Struggle' not only made the central court of the Tang Dynasty unable to govern the feudal towns, but also directly led to the growing problems in the feudal towns."

The problems that were originally going to be solved during the reign of Emperor Xianzong of the Tang Dynasty were eventually dragged into a situation that could not be cured, thus missing the best opportunity to realize the rejuvenation of the Tang Dynasty. "

"At the same time, this 'niu-li party dispute' also greatly damaged the capable ministers in the court, causing the emperor to trust the eunuchs more, and the eunuchs benefited from this. This also became another threat in the late Tang Dynasty - eunuchs monopolizing power.'

"In the end, the two stubborn problems of the eunuchs' autocratic interference in politics, which emerged due to the 'Niu-Li Party Struggle', and the overwhelming number of vassal towns, dragged the Tang Empire step by step towards the abyss of destruction."

Having said this, Yan Changqing sighed slightly and then concluded:

"The essence of this 'niu-li party struggle' is actually a group of old aristocratic families in the scholar-bureaucrat group, as early vested interests, suppressing the new noble families of the poor families, and the royal family of the poor families fighting for their own interests."

After saying that, Yan Changqing once again wrote on the blackboard behind him [The Eastern Han Dynasty Emperors Huan and Ling plus the eunuch group VS the foreign relatives and the scholar-bureaucrat group] [The old aristocratic family group in the middle and late Tang Dynasty VS the new poor noble family group].

Then, Yan Changqing turned his head again, looked at the princes Zhu Biao, Zhu Fang, Zhu Fan, Zhu Di and other princes who were deep in thought, and gave examples again and again:

"In the Song Dynasty, party struggles became more and more intense, such as the 'old and new party struggles' in the Northern Song Dynasty!!!"

"In the middle and late period of the Northern Song Dynasty, internal and external troubles became more and more serious. Some scholar-bureaucrats headed by Wang Anshi believed that it was not enough to achieve strength without reform."

"But Wang Anshi's reforms touched the interests of the old gentry group to a great extent, so they encountered widespread opposition [among them Sima Guang, Han Qi, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi and other ministers were all opponents of the New Deal."

"Wang Anshi fought alone and had no choice but to recruit a group of new people, thus forming the so-called New Party Reform Faction."

"And the ministers of the DPRK and China headed by Sima Guang are the so-called conservatives of the old party."

“The ‘new and old party struggles’ lasted for more than fifty years in the Northern Song Dynasty. During this period, the old and new parties fought against each other, changed governments, and denounced each other. Both parties overturned each other’s national policies. New laws were implemented and then abolished, and the subjects were at a loss as to what to do.”

"In the end, after the death of Song Shenzong, the new party failed completely. Sima Guang came to power, vigorously eradicated dissidents, and most of the reformists denounced Lingnan."

"But after Wang Anshi died of illness and the new party died down, the old party split and divided into three factions: the Shu Party, the Rong Party, and the Shuo Party."

"The three parties have continued to dispute over academic concepts and political events, which has opened a new round of party struggle."

"For example, the Shu Party led by Su Shi and the Luo Party headed by Cheng Yi, the Shu-Luo Party struggle between the two."

"At that time, Su Shi was born as a Jinshi scholar, while Cheng Yi was born as a commoner. Su Shi was bold and informal, while Cheng Yi was rigid and dogmatic.'

“However, both of them were famous figures at that time and had many old disciples. Therefore, due to their incompatibility, their disciples and disciples were at odds with each other.

"The result was that they were all demoted. Su Shi was finally demoted to Danzhou and died of illness in Changzhou. Cheng Yi was deprived of his official position and died of illness in Luoyang."

"After the internal strife in the old party became extremely serious, Zhang Dun, a former member of the new party and the famous prime minister, came to power. While re-introducing the new law, he denounced the old party members and almost wiped out all the famous officials of the old party in the court. "

"But even this failed to resolve the party dispute. Instead, it led to the rise of opportunists led by Cai Jing."

"In the end, under the leadership of Song Huizong, Cai Jing and others, the Northern Song Dynasty gradually fell into ruin."

“After the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, although the Southern Song Dynasty settled in a corner and did not want to make progress, it also continued the legacy of party struggle in the Northern Song Dynasty.

"The ministers in the court, in order to compete for power, constantly formed cliques for personal gain, and the attack was already on the wall.

"At that time, the party struggle in the Southern Song Dynasty gradually transformed from the original reform struggle in the Northern Song Dynasty into a struggle between the war faction and the peace faction."

"Similarly, looking back at history, we can also know that most of the time in the Southern Song Dynasty, the peace faction had the upper hand, while the war faction was at a disadvantage."

"As a result of the long-term party struggle in the Southern Song Dynasty and the long-term dominance of the peace faction, the Southern Song Dynasty was completely destroyed by the Mongolian cavalry.

“Whether it was the ‘old and new party struggles’ in the Northern Song Dynasty, or the party struggle between the peace faction and the war faction in the Southern Song Dynasty. "

"Essentially, it is actually a struggle between the top ten unofficial groups within the bureaucratic scholar-officials group that prioritize the interests of the family and the world, and the scholar-officials group that prioritizes their own interests."

After saying that, Yan Changqing also wrote on the blackboard behind him under [Middle and Late Tang Dynasty Old Aristocratic Family Group VS Newly Wealthy Nobility Group], [Northern Song Dynasty New Party Reform Party VS Japanese Party Conservative Party] and [Southern Song Dynasty Peace Party VS Mainstream Party] War faction].

Then, Yan Changqing turned his head again, looked at the frowning princes Zhu Biao, Zhu Di, Zhu Fan, Zhu Di and other princes, and said calmly:

"In addition, other dynasties also had their own party struggles, such as the party struggle between the forces related to the Queen Mother Hu and the powerful clan officials Yuan You during the Northern Wei Dynasty.

"Another example is the party struggle between the financial management school and the Hanfa school during the BC Yuan Dynasty."

"I just want to talk about the party struggle that has the greatest impact and is also the most famous.

"It's still the 'Controversy between Qi and Huan' and the 'Disaster of Party Confinement' in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the 'Party Conflict between Niu and Li' in the Middle and Late Tang Dynasty, the 'New and Old Party Controversy' in the Northern Song Dynasty, and the war between the Peace Party and the Main War Party in the Southern Song Dynasty. Fighting between factions.

Having said this, Yan Changqing paused again, giving Prince Zhu Biao, Zhu Di, Zhu Fan, Zhu Di and other princes a moment to digest, absorb, and understand.

After a while, Yan Changqing turned sideways and pointed at the three major party struggles written on the blackboard, while looking sideways at the princes Zhu Biao, Zhu Xi, Zhu Fan, Zhu Di and other princes and said:

"From the three party struggles on the blackboard, we can see that although there were party struggles in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the middle and late Tang Dynasty, and the Northern and Southern Song Dynasties."

"However, the groups involved in each party struggle and the way the groups are divided are different."

"."For example, the party struggle groups in the Eastern Han Dynasty,

The criteria for classification are based on relatives, eunuchs, and bureaucrats from aristocratic families.

"In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, the party fighting groups were divided into the old aristocratic families and the new poor families.

"The party struggle groups in the Southern and Northern Song Dynasties used the difference between putting the interests of the country and the world first and self-interest as the criterion for division.

"There are many factors that led to the emergence of these partisan groups and the changes in the criteria for classifying these partisan groups."

"The most important and critical point is the different political systems of each dynasty and each generation, and under these different political systems, whether North Korean and Chinese officials have interests in each other.

same. "

"And once the above conditions are met, we are afraid that these North Korean and Chinese officials will not spontaneously form cliques for personal gain."

"But under the influence of the class and interests to which they belong innately, they will also work together to fight for and defend what belongs to themselves, or what belongs to their class group.

Benefit!!!"

"For example, the emergence of the imperial examination system in the Tang Dynasty gave scholars from poor families an opportunity to advance.'

"Then even if those poor scholars do not spontaneously form cliques for personal gain, but once a noble family wants to suppress the imperial examination system."

"They will also work together to fight against the aristocratic families in order to maintain the imperial examination system and protect their own interests under the imperial examination system!!!"

“And once two or more different interest groups start to confront each other, then the court will immediately fall into the competition between two or more different interest groups!

ㄖ!”

“Once the court falls into party disputes, interest groups from different parties will take revenge for personal gain, causing trouble for people, which will lead to the court’s laws and regulations being changed day by day, and officials working early in the morning.

From morning to night, the court fell into a state of criticizing each other and not being practical. ’11

"This has depleted most of the country's vitality, caused a great loss in national strength, and either directly or indirectly threatened the foundation of national rule.

"Ultimately, it will lead to turmoil within the country, even division, leading to its demise!!!"

Having said this, Yan Changqing took the chalk in his right hand and drew a big circle on the [North-South Ranking System] next to [Party Struggle], circled it, and then looked at Prince Zhu Biao,

Zhu Xi, Zhu Fan, Zhu Di and other princes asked:

"Then finally, let's go back to the [North-South Ranking (money) system] mentioned before!!!"

"If the [North-South Ranking System] is implemented, what will be the consequences?!!"

At this moment, Prince Zhu Biao, Zhu Di, Zhu Fan, Zhu Di and other princes, who had completely understood what Yan Changqing said, all said with solemn expressions:

"Once the [North and South Ranking System] is implemented, the scholars and officials in the North and South, who originally seemed to be united, will be divided into two different groups in the North and the South by us.

interest group!!!"

"At that time, in addition to the teacher-student groups (teachers and disciples), the official groups in the court will once again have a 'township party' group based on region as the standard for division!

!!"

"And these 'township party' groups that use region as a criterion for division, such as scholars and officials from the north and south, will, as we just argued, in order to protect themselves and their own

The interests of one’s class and region are closely related to the interests of one’s class and region, so one can try one’s best to prioritize and attack the other party!!!”

"Even as time goes by, this kind of regional township party group may further evolve, for example, from the northern and southern township parties to more specific and detailed local

Provincial, prefecture, state, county and township party groups!!!”

"Once the officials in the court fall into an atmosphere of criticizing each other and fighting against different parties, there will be no more officials who can continue to be pragmatic and govern the people of the world!! Rules!

"

"Even if there are a few such officials who are willing to continue to be pragmatic and govern the people of the world, they are very likely to become victims of party strife!!!"

"If the central officials of the imperial court no longer continue to do practical things and govern the people of the world, then there will be corrupt officials rampant in the local areas, tyrants and bullies who will oppress the people, and the world will also inevitably

There will be public dissatisfaction and civil unrest!!!"

"In the end, at least the country will lose its national power due to internal party strife, but at worst, the country and society will be turbulent and divided, and even lead to destruction!!!"

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