stjorthotic Chapter 367: Zhu Yuanzhang: Eight-Part Essay To Recruit Scholars? We Won’T Take The Blame [Please Su
Chapter 367: Zhu Yuanzhang: Eight-Part Essay To Recruit Scholars? We Won’T Take The Blame [Please Su
After quite a while, Yan Changqing put down his tea cup and glanced at the west-sunset sky outside the window. Then he glanced at Zhu Yuanzhang below, as well as the princes Zhu Biao, Zhu Xi, Zhu Fan, Zhu Di and other princes, and asked lightly. road:
“Any other questions?!!”
Zhu Yuanzhang, who was sitting at the back, glanced around the princes Zhu Biao, Zhu Di, Zhu Fan, Zhu Di and other princes. Seeing that none of them had any intention of speaking again, he had no choice but to take the initiative and said:
"Most of the talents selected by the imperial examination today are good at poetry, articles, and empty talk about governing the country."
"However, there is a lack of practical ability to handle state affairs and government affairs, as well as an understanding of people's livelihood issues. How should this be corrected?!!"
What Yan Changqing talked about before was the reform of the imperial examination process. Although this process reform satisfied him, another issue he was concerned about has not yet been resolved.
That is how to choose what you really need, the kind of outstanding talents who not only understand Saint's principles, poetry and articles, but also know how to truly handle state affairs, government affairs, and people's livelihood!
In other words, you must be able to look up at the stars, but you must also be able to keep your feet on the ground.
This kind of talent is what Zhu Yuanzhang wants 17!!!
Hearing this, Yan Changqing's eyes fell on Zhu Yuanzhang, with a trace of surprise flashing in his eyes.
This is because they are not satisfied with the content of the imperial examination and do not want to reform the content of the imperial examination?!!
It is worth mentioning that the imperial examinations conducted during the Hongwu period in the early Ming Dynasty are essentially different from the eight-part essay selection in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.
For example, during the previous period from the third year of Hongwu to the sixth year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang promoted the imperial examination. The content of the provincial examination was mainly based on the Four Books, the Five Classics, and Ce Wen.
This mainly examines the candidates' writing and ideological issues, including the candidates' familiarity and understanding of the "Four Books" and "Five Classics", as well as whether the candidates can skillfully use imperial edicts, judgments, tables, imperial edicts and other literary styles.
At the same time, four or five items of current affairs and government affairs at that time will be extracted, and candidates will be required to express their opinions or opinions based on the theory of Confucian classics.
At this time, there were no clear formal requirements for the eight-legged essay in the imperial examination. The writing method could be either occasional or scattered, and there were no fixed rules.
At the same time, the content of the imperial examination is also more focused on connecting with reality. For example, "extracting four or five items of current affairs and government affairs at the time, requiring candidates to express comments or opinions based on classical theory" reflects this.
It was during the mid-Ming Dynasty that the imperial examination in the Ming Dynasty truly turned into a rigid and rigid eight-legged examination system.
During the Chenghua period of Emperor Xianzong of the Ming Dynasty (1464-1487 AD), through the promotion of Wang Hao, Xie Qian, Zhang Mao and others, the eight-legged essay gradually developed to pay attention to rhythm and steps, and gradually formed a relatively strict program.
In the 23rd year of Chenghua (AD 1487), the "Classic Meaning" was changed to the eight-legged essay for the examination. It was stipulated that the essay should be composed according to the eight-legged method, with a strict format, a limited number of words, no violation of the scripture annotations, and no free expression.
From then on, every imperial examination article was composed of fixed paragraphs such as breaking the title, carrying the title, starting, starting, starting, middle, back, and closing. [Each paragraph even has a strict number of words.
Not only is the institutional structure rigid, but it also requires "speaking on behalf of the sages", that is, trying to figure out the tone of words spoken by Saints Confucius, Mencius, and the sages Cheng and Zhu. Therefore, most of the eight-part essays are vague and jerky, making sense but not making sense.
At the same time, poems, rhymes, strategies, and essays are not without the brilliant colors and lively momentum of quoting from various sources and coupling metaphors. Instead, they are obscure and boring, and it is even difficult to accurately grasp the meaning of some words.
In addition, the Ming Dynasty advertised "seeking truth and upholding integrity" and only allowed candidates to write "honest and mature" rigid articles. They were not allowed to use gorgeous words in the style of poetry, they were not allowed to quote any other books other than classics, and they were not allowed to do anything that went beyond the boundaries. place.
Even within the classics, there are taboos that are violated and committed.
For example, in "The Analects of Confucius": "Zhizi stays on the road, kills chickens and eats them for millet, and the two sons are gone."
If the examiner asks a question: "Killing chickens to make millet and eating them", then if the candidate's article involves "stopping the son on the road", it is a violation, and if it involves "seeing his two sons", it is a violation and will not be allowed.
It can be said that the eight-part essay in the middle and late Ming Dynasty is a typical example of long-winded, empty and boring, and has nothing to do with political ability.
It is precisely because the imperial examination in the Hongwu period of the early Ming Dynasty was not the eight-part examination in the middle Ming Dynasty.
Therefore, Yan Changqing only reformed the process of the imperial examination, but did not reform the content of the imperial examination.
However, most people are used to throwing the blame for the Ming Dynasty's eight-part essay selection to Zhu Yuanzhang, but in fact Zhu Yuanzhang really did not bear the blame for the eight-part essay selection.
At least as far as Zhu Yuanzhang is concerned, what he himself has always needed are officials who can really work hard, not officials who only know how to talk and ruin the country.
Otherwise, he would not have suspended the imperial examination from the sixth year of Hongwu to the thirteenth year of Hongwu because of his dissatisfaction with the imperial examination selection.
After thinking for a while, Yan Changqing looked at Zhu Yuanzhang and replied:
"It's very simple. What's good at the top will be bad at the bottom!!!"
"Introducing a hundred-point system in the imperial examination."
"For example, in the triennial provincial examination, the Four Books and the Five Classics accounted for 50% of the total imperial examination score, "Ce Wen" accounted for 30% of the total imperial examination score, and "People's Livelihood Matters" accounted for 30% of the total imperial examination score. It accounts for 20% of the total score of the imperial examination!!!"
"The topic scope of "Cewen" covers various national events that have occurred in the imperial court in the past three years."
"The scope of topics in "People's Livelihood Matters" covers the planting of grains, the breeding of livestock, disaster prevention in mulberry farming, etc."
"The respective proportions of the Four Books, the Five Classics, Ce Wen, and People's Livelihood Matters in the imperial examination will be clearly informed to candidates all over the world in advance.
"In this way, as long as they want to get a good score in the imperial examination, become a Juren, or even become a Jinshi."
"Then in addition to the "Four Books" and "Five Classics", they must additionally understand "Ce Wen" and "People's Livelihood Matters".
"Otherwise, they would never be able to pass the imperial examination just by being familiar with the Four Books and the Five Classics, let alone get a good grade.
Just like the physical education subjects of Yan Changqing's previous high school entrance examination, after they were officially included in the total score of the high school entrance examination.
Many physical education teachers who were "sick" have recovered one after another. Even if 387 has not recovered, he still insists on attending classes despite his "sick body".
At the same time, no teacher dared to take up physical education classes, which were originally regarded as backup courses for various subjects and could be taken up at any time as long as they wanted.
Some middle schools even strictly prohibit occupying physical education classes. If you want to occupy them, you can occupy music classes, art classes, or computer classes, etc.
At this point, the physical education teacher also stood up again, straightened his waist a lot, and his voice was two points louder when facing teachers from other subjects.
As for teachers such as music teachers, art teachers, and computer teachers, they are still squatting.
And this is the reaction of the middle schools below after the message that "above-ups" felt that students' physical fitness was too poor and demanded "pay attention to students' physical development and health" was clearly conveyed.
In the same way, as long as Zhu Yuanzhang [or the imperial court clearly expressed to the undisciplined scholars the importance attached to the imperial examination and selection of talents in "Ce" and "Kang Sheng".
In order to gain fame, scholars all over the world will naturally take the initiative to learn about the relevant contents of "Ce Wen" and "People's Livelihood Matters" through various channels.
This is what is said: "What is good at the top will be bad at the bottom!"
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